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anesthesia:
medication that reduces feeling, such as pain; general anesthesia produces a sleep-like state; regional anesthesia numbs a specific body region.
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bladder:
a ballon-like organ that serves as a container for storing urine.
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calcium oxalate stones:
most common kidney stones, made up of a hard crystalline compound, often mixed with calcium phosphate.
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catheter:
a tube inserted into the body, usually to drain fluid.
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cystine stones:
relatively rare kidney stones that develop when urine contains too much cystine (from protein breakdown).
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cystoscopy:
visual inspection of the bladder using an instrument called a cystoscope inserted through the urethra.
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extra-corporeal shock wave lithotripsy:
a procedure that uses shock waves to break kidney stones into tiny fragments.
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gout:
a metabolic disorder in which uric acid levels in blood and urine are too high.
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hematuria:
blood in the urine.
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hypercalciuria:
too much calcium in the urine.
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intravenous pyelogram (IVP):
a special x-ray of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder often used to locate kidney stones.
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KUB:
an x-ray film of kidney, ureter, and bladder to locate stones.
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kidneys:
two large, bean-shaped structures that remove waste from the blood.
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kidney stones:
hardened crystal deposits that may form in the urinary system.
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lithotripsy:
a procedure that uses shock waves to break kidney stones into tiny fragments.
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lithotripter:
a machine used to perform lithotripsy.
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metabolic disorder:
an inherited problem in how the body breaks down and uses certain foods.
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sedative:
a medicine that calms and relaxes.
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stent:
a thin tube inserted through the cystoscope and placed in the ureter prior to lithotripsy treatment
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stone disease:
(also calculus disease) an abnormal concretion of mineral salts around organic material found especially in hollow organs or ducts. More than one million cases of urinary tract stones are diagnosed each year in the United States. They are the third leading cause of hospitalizations and the seventh leading cause of physicain visits in the United States.
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struvite stones:
kidney stones associated with bacterial urinary infections.
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ureteroscopy:
visual inspection of the entire length of the ureter.
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ureters:
two thin tubes that carry urine downward from the kidneys to the bladder.
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urethra:
a thin tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body.
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uric acid stones:
kidney stones that develop when urine contains too much uric acid.
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urologist:
a doctor who specializes in the diagnosis, medical treatment, and surgical procedures relating to the kidneys, bladder, adrenal glands, and genitourinary system.
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